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Project Topic:
HEAVY METAL DISTRIBUTION IN SURFACE WATER STREAM SEDIMENT, AKING-WEST,SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA
Project Information:
Project Body:
ABSTRACT
Aking-West and its environs is located within latitude 050 221N and 050 261N and longitude 0080 361E and 0080 381E. It covers an estimated area of about 72km2. The area is situated in Cross River State which falls within the Basement Complex of South Eastern Nigeria (Oban Massif). Geologically, the study area is made up of basement rocks, some of which are weathered. Form field studies, gneiss, granodiorite and pegmatite are the major rock types in the study area. Texturally, the rocks in this area range from medium to coarse grains due to the presence of low temperature minerals such as quartz and biotite. The formational events in the area led to the formation of joints, foliation and folds. The rock trend in the NE-SW direction indicating the pan-African orogeny. Petrographic analysis revealed the presence of migmatite gneiss, biotite gneiss, granodiorite and pegmatite as the metamorphic and igneous rocks in the study area. Petrogenetically, it is believed that different rocks encountered in the field have different origins which form the nature and place the rocks were derived. The rocks are either igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary rocks. The drainage pattern of streams and rivers of the area is dendritic. The study area is characterized by thick vegetation cover consisting of variety of plants such as tall trees, shrubs, climbers and undergrowths. The economic potentials can be said to be promising due to the abundance of sand and aggregate materials which if exploited would boost the economy of Cross River State.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF PLATES
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1 INTRODUCTION
- LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- PRESENT INVESTIGATION
CHAPTER TWO
2 PHYSICAL SETTING
2.1 CLIMATE VEGETATION
2.2 RELIEF AND DRAINAGE
2.3 WEATHERING AND EROSION
CHAPTER THREE
3 METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH
3.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE
3.2 TECHNIQUES
CHAPTER FOUR
4 PETROLOGY OF THE STUDY AREA
4.1 METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY
4.1.1 GNEISS
4.1.2 OCCURRENCE AND FIELD RELATION
4.1.3 PETROGRAPHY OF MIGMATITE GNEISS
4.1.4 PETROGRAPHY OF BIOTITE GNEISS
4.1.5 PETROGENESIS OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS
4.2 IGNEOUS PETROLOGY
4.2.1 OCCURRENCE AND FIELD RELATION
4.2.2 PETROGRAPHY OF GRANODIORITE
4.2.3 PETROGRAPHY OF PEGMATITE
4.2.4 PETROGENESIS OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
CHAPTER FIVE
5 STRUCTURAL AND APPLIED GEOLOGY
5.1 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
5.1.1 FOLDS
5.1.2 FOLIATION
5.2 APPLIED GEOLOGY
5.2.1 ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
5.2.2 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
5.2.3 HYDROGEOLOGY
CHAPTER SIX
6. METAMORPHISM AND GEOLOGIC HISTORY
6.1 METAMORPHISM
6.2 GEOLOGIC HISTORY
CHAPTER SEVEN
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: MAP OF CROSS RIVER SHOWING THE STUDY AREA
FIGURE2: GEOLOGIC MAP OF NIGERIA SHOWING CRYSTALLINE BASEMENT OF NIGERIA
FIGURE 3: CLIMATIC MAP OF NIGERIA SHOWING THE STUDY AREA
FIGURE 4: ROSE DIAGRAM OF FOLD
FIGURE 5: ROSE DIAGRAM OF FOLIATION
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1:MODAL COMPOSITION OF MIGMATITE GNEISS
TABLE 2:MODAL COMPOSITION OF BIOTITE GNEISS
TABLE 3:MODAL COMPOSITION OF GRANODIORITE
TABLE 4:MODAL COMPOSITION OF PEGMATITE
TABLE 5:FOLD MEASUREMENT FROM THE STUDY AREA
TABLE 6:FOLIATION MEASUREMENT FROM THE STUDY AREA
LIST OF PLATES
PLATE 1: VEGETATION OF THE STUDY AREA
PLATE 2: DRAINAGE PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA
PLATE 3: FIELD OCCURRENCE OF MIGMATITE GNEISS IN THE STUDY AREA
PLATE 4: THIN SECTION MIGMATITE GNEISS
PLATE 5: THIN SECTION BIOTITE GNEISS
PLATE 6: THIN SECTION OF GRANODIORITE
PLATE 7: THIN SECTION 0F PEGMATITE
PLATE 8: FIELD OCCURRENCE FOLD IN THE STUDY AREA
PLATE 9 FIELD OCCURRENCE OF FOLIATION IN THE STUDY AREA
CHAPTER ONE
The study area is situated in Akampka Local Government Area of cross river state (figure 1) and the area forms part of the Oban Massif which constitutes the basement complex of south eastern Nigeria (fig2)the area lies between latitude 050 221N and 050 261N and longitude 0080 361E and 0080 381E greenwich and covers about 72km2
The study area consist of such Mappable units of the amphibolitesfacies rocks and they include gneisses, amphibolites intruded by quartz veins, Pegmatites veins and dolerite (Rahman et al, 1981, Ekwueme, 1990)
The Oban massif is surrounded in the North by the Mamfe Embayment, in the west by the Benue trough, in the south by the Calabar flank and extending into the Cameroon in the East. The Oban Massif is overlain by cretaceous tertiary sediments of the CalabarFlank (Ekwueme, 1990)
- LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY
The study area is restricted toAking-Westand its environs and covers an area of land consisting of three main settlements namely, Osomba, Mankorand Aking,all in Akamkpa L.G.A of cross river state.
The study area is accessible through the major road (the Calabar-EkangRoad) which extends to the Cameroonborder. Several other minor roads facilitate accessibility into various locations within the study area.