CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION                                             

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In the city, one major activity that reduces stress arising from men’s daily hassles and struggles for existence that also enhances the livability of cities could be recreation. Manifesting in various forms, such as in indoors and outdoors, active and passive, or communal and solitary, recreation could provide for an individual living in an urbanized environment with refreshing break from monotonous city life. Recreation could provide opportunities to socialize and pursue hobbies that could be sources of joy and relaxation to the body and mind, (Source with date and page number) Consequently, most city governments, that provide recreational facilities should meet the needs of the residents who have been given high responsibilities in policy formulations and land use planning, (author, date of publication and page number)

On the other hand, recreational behavior could be related to the Socio-Economic Status, (SES) of various individuals in a particular region or location, (source). Socio-Economic Status (SES) could be a measure of Family’s Economic and Social Position in relation to others, which could be based on various variables responsible for Social and Economic Development (Gaur, 2013: page number). Socio-Economic Status could be utilized in Sociological research which measures Socio-Economic Status. SES could be important tool in descriptive analysis. Moreover, Socio Economic Status should be one of the most strong and consistent variables in explicating variations among social groups, (Bateman, 2014: page number) and is defined (what are you defining here) as an indicator of households‟ (where is this your “ coming from and where is it ending?) combined economic and social welfare variables. Generally, Socio Economic Status could be viewed as a latent construct which could be measured using a composite index of Education, Health, Poverty, Income and Consumption, (Baker, 2014: page number).

Socio Economic Status (SES), encompasses not just Income but also Educational Attainment, Financial Security, and subjective perceptions of Social Status and Social Class (Blustein, 2013: page number). SES could encompass quality of life attributes as well as the opportunities and privileges afforded to people within society. Poverty, specifically, might not a single factor; but could rather be characterized by multiple physical and psychosocial stressors (Ali, McWhirter, & Chronister, 2005: page number). Further, SES might be consistent and reliable predictor of a vast array of outcomes across the life span, including physical and psychological health. Thus, SES would be relevant to all realms of behavioral and social science, including research, practice, education, and advocacy. Social hierarchy, or stratification, appears to be intuitively recognized by most everyone everywhere (Smith et al. (who are the other authers here?)2011: page number). During social interactions various indicators would typically be displayed or revealed in order to convey one’s SES to other members of the social group. Common indicators would include professional titles, clothing, hairstyles, automobiles, residential addresses and so forth. All social animals, such as wolves, whales, monkeys, or humans, could appear to appreciate, or at least recognize, social hierarchies and their position in them (Gesquiere et al. (who are the other authors here?)2011:page number; Sapolsky 2005:page number). The level of sophistication of a hierarchy might be as simple as a pecking order which might be based entirely on physical prowess, and often with an alpha male atop. It is against this backdrop that this Study is designed to find out the relationship between Socio-Economic Status and Recreational Behavior among the residents of Obio Akpor Local Government Aea.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

There seems to be variations in recreational behaviors in most of the cities in most Developed States in Nigeria. Theses States include ………. This could be as a result of Poor Recreational Facilities in most of the less developed areas in Nigeria, such as in ……. It could also be as a result of poor or high Socio-Economic Status of the residents in most of these States. Hence, this Study is designed to find out the relationship between Socio-Economic Status and Recreational Behavior Among the Residents of Obio Akpor Local Government Aea.

Where is your Conceptual Framework?

What is your Independent Variable and which one is your Dependent Variable?

What are your Dimensions of Independent Variables and which ones are your measures of Dependent Variables?

It’s only when you have done these correctly, that we can do the Research Questions and the Null Hypotheses properly.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The Study seeks to examine Socio-Economic Status and Recreational Behavior among residents of Obio Akpor Local Government Aea. The Objectives of the Study are to:

1. Determine the relationship between socio-economic status and recreational behavior among residents of obio/akpor L.G.A (Please, capitalize the letter words in ‘Yellow coloration’)
2. Does Socio-Economic Status any effect on the Recreational Behavioral among residents of obio/akpor L.G.A

3)   Identify the influence of Socio-Economic Status on Recreational Behavior among residents of Obio Akpor L.G.A

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The Research Questions are:

1. What is the relationship between socio-economic status and recreational behavior among residents of obio/akpor L.G.A?
2. Does socio-economic status any effect on recreational behavioral among residents of obio/akpor L.G.A?

3) How does socio-economic status influence recreational behavior among residents of obio/akpor L.G.A?

1.5 HYPOTHESIS

H01: socio-economic status has no significant effect on the recreational behavioral pattern among residents of obio/akpor L.G.A

H02: socio-economic status has significant effect on the recreational behavioral pattern among residents of obio/akpor L.G.A

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The following are the significance of this study:

1.         The outcome of this research will create awareness to both the general public and residence of obio/akpor on socio-economic status and recreational behavior among residents of obio/akpor L.G.A.

2.         This research will be a contribution to the body of literature in the area of the socio-economic status and recreational behavior among residents of obio/akpor L.G.A, thereby constituting the empirical literature for future research in the subject area.

1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study covered on socio-economic status and recreational behavior among residents of obio/akpor L.G.A

 1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.

1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Please, set these words in Alphabetical order and define them in your own words according to the meaning as used in your write up.

Socio?

Economic?

SOCIO-ECONOMIC Socioeconomic status is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic access to resources and social position in relation to others.

STATUS: ?

 RECREATION: is any form of experience pursued during leisure time in which an individual engages (physically and/or mentally) from choice because of personal enjoyment and satisfaction which it brings directly to that person

Recreational?

BEHAVIOUR?

These cannot be the only Terms you will define. Find other words that ordinary people cannot understand the meaning as used in your write up

1.10 ORGANIZAGTION OF THE STUDY

The chapter one of the study consist of the background of the study, the statement of the problem, the purpose of the study, the research questions, the statement of the hypothesis, the significance of the study, the scope of the study, the limitation of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two contains the review of related literature. The chapter three consist of the research methodology. The chapter four contains the data analysis and interpretation while the chapter five contains the summary, conclusion and recommendations.