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SEASONAL AND DECADAL RAINFALL IN CALABAR

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 Format: MS WORD ::   Chapters: 1-5 ::   Pages: 57 ::   Attributes: Data Analysis ::   2 people found this useful
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CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

 Calabar has been experiencing yearly severe flooding and landslides within and around the metropolis with substantial costs, in terms of loss of lives and destruction of properties caused by rainfall. Rainfall is a climate parameter that affects the way and manner man lives. It affects every facet of the ecological system, flora and fauna inclusive. Hence, the study of rainfall is important and cannot be over emphasized (Obot et al 2010), (Osang et al 2013).

Combination of high temperatures due to global warming and high humidity of the humid tropical climate are responsible for recurring flood in Calabar, the capital of Cross River State (Udo et al 2002), (Osang et al 2013). Researchers seems to be more comfortable with working on such parameters as total rainfall, extreme intensity, extreme frequency, extreme event and total rain days when dealing with rainfall data. Though the proportional contribution from extreme events to the total rain fall depends on the method used to calculate the index. An increase in the number of rain days often increases with total rainfall and extreme frequency (Udo et al 2002), (Obot et al 2010), (Osang et al 2013). Water is health and health is water.

 Humans rely on water for everything and thus water is one of the essential resources for human survival (Agbor et all 2013). The main source of water is rain. Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then precipitated—that is, become heavy enough to fall under gravity.

Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth. It provides suitable conditions for many types of ecosystem, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation ( Norman, 2008). The major cause of rain production is moisture moving along three-dimensional zones of temperature and moisture contrasts known as weather fronts.

If enough moisture and upward motion are present, precipitation falls from convective clouds (those with strong upward vertical motion) such as cumulonimbus (thunder clouds) which can organize into narrow rain bands (Udo et al 2002). In mountainous areas, heavy precipitation is possible where upslope flow is maximized within windward sides of the terrain at elevation which forces moist air to condense and fall out as rainfall along the sides of mountains.

On the leeward side of mountains, desert climates can exist due to the dry air caused by down slope flow which causes heating and drying of the air mass. The movement of the monsoon trough, or intertropical convergence zone, brings rainy seasons to savannah climes (Paul, 2004).

1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

The study on seasonal and decadal rainfall in Calabar came about as a result of decrease in survival of human due to lose of lives, destruction of crops due to heavy rainfall. Secondly most of the research has been carried out on rainfall but not even a single research has been done on seasonal and decadal rainfall in Calabar.

1.3   AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

 The main aim of the research work is to determine the effect of seasonal and decadal rainfall. Other specific objectives of the study include:

  1. to determine the effect of rainfall on the citizens of Calabar?
  2. to determine the effect of rainfall on crops.
  3. to determine the rate of accident caused by bad roads due to heavy rainfall.
  4. to proffer possible solution that can stop the disaster caused by rain.
    1. RESEARCH QUESTION
  1. What is the effect of rainfall on the citizens of Calabar?
  2. What is the effect of rainfall on crops?
  3. In what ways does heavy rainfall cause bad road that leads to accident?
  4. What solution can be given to stop the disaster caused by rainfall?

 

 

  1. STATEMENT OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Hypothesis 1

  1. There is no significant effect of rainfall on the citizens.
  2. there is significant effect of rainfall on the citizens.

Hypothesis 2

  1. There is no significant effect of seasonal and decadal rainfall on plant and animals in Calabar.
  2. Seasonal and decadal rainfall has an effect on plant and animals in Calabar.

 

  1. SCOPE OF STUDY

The study on seasonal and decadal rainfall is limited to Calabar.

1.8   LIMITATION OF STUDY Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.

  1. DEFINITION OF TERMS
  2.   Varying in occurrence according to the season.
  3.     A period of ten years. 
  4.    the amount of precipitation usually measured by the depth in inches.

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Project Information

Format:MS WORD
Chapter:1-5
Pages:57
Attribute:Data Analysis
Price:₦3,000
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