CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Life and work are the most important roles of life for working class people in Nigeria. Inasmuch as work is very important, a lot of people suffer from work family conflict. Maintaining balance between the demands and responsibilities on the work and family roles for men and women is a hard task. Work-family conflict and family-work conflict are experienced by the both the sexes, when demands for one role interfere with participation and performance of the other. Juggling work and family roles along with challenging demands direct to a conflict, this may spillover from work to family or from family to work. The issue of work-family conflict has established an increased research concentration in the West (Adams & Jex, 1999; Buhler & Land, 2004; Carlson, Kacmar, & Williams, 1998; Dodd & Jacobs, 2003) but in the educational sector of Pakistan, it is in the initial stage where a little work has been done so for.

        In general, there is a concept that people who work in human services and health care occupations experience immense amounts of emotional and interpersonal stress. Burnout is mostly reported in care-giving and service occupations (teachers, doctors, nurses, police department, etc), in which the core of the job is the relationship between the provider and the recipient. Burnout has been viewed as a form of job stress, linked with such concepts as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover (Maslach, Schaufeli, & Leiter, 2001). It is reported that people who experienced burnout may also exercise a negative impact on their colleagues, causing greater personal conflict and by disrupting job tasks. There is also some evidence that burnout has negative spillover effect on the domestic life of the people (Burke & Greenglass, 2001). Like other professionals, teachers also experience more burnout even the most passionate teachers have reported this phenomena, which have negative consequences on the overall well-beings (Algoe, Haidt, & Gable, 2008).

        On the other hand continuous burnout in work place leads to procrastination in carrying out both official duties and domestic chores. Procrastination makes the individuals postpone responsibilities, duties, and decisions (Dilmac, 2009). Procrastination appears to be a troubling phenomenon. People most strongly characterize it as being bad, harmful, and foolish. Justifying this viewpoint, several studies have linked it to individual performance, with the procrastinator performing more poorly overall, and to individual well-being, with the procrastinator being more miserable in the long term. At larger levels of analysis, procrastination has been linked to several organizational and societal issues (Steel, 2003).

Work family conflict and burnout can be controlled through counseling and work life balance. The goal of counselling services is to help people develop abilities of self-understanding, decision- making, life planning studies on the modification of behaviour among individual and action taking to be able to adjust to social and emotional adjustment so as to prevent work family conflict and burnout (Watanabe-Muraoka, 2007).

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The interference between work and family responsibilities is under consideration as a major issue that has affected individuals in various areas of life. The prevalence of Work family conflict in Nigeria could be as a result of burnouts in work place; which is mostly caused by the nature of job, demands by the organization or procrastination. Procrastination increases the level of work for an individual in an organization; as such the individual will find his or her self in a difficult position to balance family and work. According to Kahn (2004) and Biotel and Green House (20055) have defined work-family conflict as follows: “Some kind of interrole conflict in which the pressures arising from the roles of the scope of work and family are incompatible with each other in some respects; hence, performing a role (job and family) makes it difficult to do the other role (Barnet & Hi, 2001; Edvard & Ross Bard, 2000; Jakinz, Rapti & Crater, 2000; Shain & Chen, 2011; cited in Baghban, Iran). Work-family conflicts and burnout continue to increase among individual in various homes and work place. Most organization that practice work-life balance tends to seeks for solution to work-family conflict and burnout but the end result proved abortive. It is to this regard that the study seeks to evaluate the role of counseling intervention in moderating procrastination, work-family conflict and burnout.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main aim of the research work is to determine the relationship between work family conflict and burnout as regard the moderating role of procrastination and the implication of counseling intervention. The objectives of the study are:

1. To determine the effect of counseling intervention on work family conflict and burnout
2. To determine the moderating roles of procrastination in work family conflict and burnout
3. To investigate on the factors affecting the intervention of counseling in work family conflict and burnout
4. To determine the extent to which procrastination has influenced work family conflict and burnout
5. To proffer solution to the above problem

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The study came up with research questions so as to ascertain the above stated objectives of the study. The following research questions guided the objectives of the study:

1. What is the effect of counseling intervention on work family conflict and burnout?
2. What are the moderating roles of procrastination in work family conflict and burnout?
3. What are the factors affecting the intervention of counseling in work family conflict and burnout?
4. To what extent has procrastination influenced work family conflict and burnout?
5. What are the possible solution to the issue of work family conflict and burnout

1.5 STATEMENT OF THE HYPOTHESIS

H01: counseling intervention has no significant effect on work family conflict and burnout

H02: procrastination does not influence work family conflict and burnout

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study will be of immense benefit to the relationship between work family conflict and burnout will be of immense benefit to organization and counselors. The study will educate them how procrastination affect work family conflict and burnout. The findings of the study will also help the counselors on how to counsel people with the habit of procrastination. The study will serve as a repository of information to other researchers that desire to carry out similar research on the above topic. Finally the study will contribute to the body of the existing literature on the relationship between work family conflict, burnout and procrastination.

1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study will cover on the moderating role of procrastination and the implication of counseling intervention in work family conflict and burnout.

1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work

1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Work family conflict: Work–family conflict occurs when an individual experiences incompatible demands between work and family roles, causing participation in both roles to become more difficult.

Burnout: Burnout is a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress. It occurs when you feel overwhelmed, emotionally drained, and unable to meet constant demands