Our Archives

Call 09159097300, or 09067754232 for any enquiries.

Project Topic:

HEAVY METAL DISTRIBUTION IN SEDIMENT OF AKPABUYO STREAM, CROSS RIVER BASIN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA

Project Information:

 Format: MS WORD ::   Chapters: 1-5 ::   Pages: 30 ::   Attributes: Questionnaire, Data Analysis ::   7,108 people found this useful

Project Body:

ABSTRACT

  Sediment samples were collected through the purposive sampling method from various streams in Akpabuyo L.G.A, ten sample location were selected. The concentration and areal distribution of selected metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, Cd, Pb) in the sediments of Akpabuyo streams .Geo-accumulation index have been calculated to assess whether the concentrations observed represent background or contamination levels. It proves that the choice of the background plays an important role in the interpretation of the geo-chemical data. It is concluded that the selected streams in Akpabuyo is uncontaminated except a metal (Cd) which it i-geo value is 1 which means it is moderately/uncontaminated.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                          LIST OF FIGURES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                         LIST OF TABLES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ii

LIST OF FIGURES - - - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - iii

LIST OF TABLES - - - -- - -  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - v

CHAPTER ONE

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE
  3. STUDY AREA
  4. GEOLOGY OF THE STUDY AREA

CHAPTER TWO

2.1   LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER THREE

3.1   MATERIALS

3.2 METHODOLOGY(FIELD)

3.3 LABORATORY METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

 

 

                                              CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Heavy metals pollution of aquatic ecosystem is becoming a potential global problem, pollution typically refers to chemicals or other substance in concentration greater than it would occur under natural conditions. Water pollution is the introduction by man of substances into the aquatic environment resulting from deleterious effect as harm to human health (FAO 1990).The presence of increased level of heavy metals in the aquatic environment has been of much concern for the past decades due to adverse effect of some metals on living organisms in food chains leading to man. Pollutants are the cause of major water quality degradation around the world. Several toxic metals which are important to the environment and human health have been detected in aquatic media. These toxic metals include the non-essential meals and are no importance to humans (Borgman and Norwood 2002).

     Trace amount of heavy metals are always present in fresh water from terrigenous sources   such as weathering of rocks resulting into geo-chemical recycling of heavy metal elements in these ecosystem. Trace elements may be immobilised within the stream sediments and could be involved in absorption, co-precipitation and complex formation. Sometimes they are co-adsorbed with other elements as oxides, hydroxides of Fe, Mn, or may occur in particulate form.

      Heavy metal may enter into aquatic ecosystem from anthropogenic sources, such as industrial wastewater discharge, sewage wastewater, fossil fuel combustion, and atmospheric deposition. Trace element in stream sediment compartment can be used to reveal the history and intensity of local and regional pollution. In this work, the of stream sediment contamination was assess using geo-accumulation index.

 

 

 

1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The main objectives of the current study area are:

  1. To assess the extent and degree of metals, and the origin of these metals, using the geo-accumulation index of the metals.
  2. To determine the total content of heavy metals in surface sediments of Akpabuyo.
  3. To estimate the anthropogenic input and to assess the pollution status on the area.

 

1.3 STUDY AREA

The study area which is located in Akpabuyo, Cross River State  lies between longitudes  80 22I   30II E – 80  30I 0II E and latitude 40 52I 30II N – 40 57I 30II N (fig 2).  With an area of 126,4032 Square Km. Although many stream samples where collected but few was selscted for the heavy metal analysis. The various Locations in Akpabuyo which sediment samples were collected and used to carry out the analysis are Esuk Mbat stream(L1), Esuk Ekpo Eyo Stream(L2), Ikot Akwa Stream(L3), Dan Archibong Stream(L4), Itu Stream(L5), Ikot Ndarake Stream(L6), Asioha Stream(L7), Ikot Ekpo Ene Stream(L8), Ekpene Ikot Imo Stream(L9), Ikot Nakanda(L10), and their following coordinate shown respectively (table 1.3) . It originate from a hilly region and flows through several villages and farmland.


Get The Complete Project »

Project Department:

MORE GEOGRAPHY FREE UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT TOPICS AND RESEARCH MATERIALS

Instantly Share this Project On Social Media:

CLOSELY RELATED GEOGRAPHY FREE UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT TOPICS AND RESEARCH MATERIALS

THE ECONOMICS OF DEVELOPING RESERVOIR AQUACULTURE IN NIGERIA

 Format: MS WORD ::   Chapters: 1-5 ::   Pages: 56 ::   Attributes: Questionnaire, Data Analysis  ::   4208 engagements

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Reservoirs are rarely and or never created for fishery purposes. However, the secondary use of the impounded waters for fisheries is becoming a...Continue reading »

What are you looking for today?

TESTIMONIALS:

  • 1. Jayone from FPA said " I had a wonderful experience using UniProjectMaterials,though they did not deliver the material on time, but the content had good quality. I recommend UniProjectMaterials for any project research work.".
    Rating: Very Good
  • 2. Mugisha R from B.U, UGANDA said "Wow, this is great, your materials has helped me alot. Many blessings. I will inform my friends. Thanks. ".
    Rating: Very Good
  • 3. Nwachukwu Ruth Chinyerr from Michael okpara university of Agriculture,umudike said "I really appreciate this. Materials like this are good guides to writing a researchable project.".
    Rating: Good
  • 4. Ibrahim Salama from Kaduna said "Thanks You So Much Sir We Appreciate ".
    Rating: Excellent
  • 5. Ibrahim Salama from Kaduna said "Thanks You So Much Sir We Appreciate ".
    Rating: Excellent
  • 6. Mohammed A.B from Veterinary Laboratory, Zanzibar ,Tanzania said "You are doing good job to assists in research. God bless you.".
    Rating: Very Good

Paper Information

Format:MS WORD
Chapter:1-5
Pages:30
Attribute:Questionnaire, Data Analysis
Price:₦3,000
Get The Complete Project »

Best Selling Projects

Our Archives