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Project Topic:

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING ON DATE PALM

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 Format: MS WORD ::   Chapters: 1-5 ::   Pages: 67 ::   Attributes: Data Analysis,abstract, table of content, references ::   5,133 people found this useful

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CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) belongs to the Palmae (Arecaceae) family. The Date Palm is a palm extensively cultivated for its edible fruit (Rani et al., 2007). The fruits of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are sweet berries with a sugar content of more than 50%. Normally, this palm cultivated for local markets on small land holdings besides other. Because of its high nutritional value, great yields and its long life the date palm has been mentioned as the “tree of life” (Augstburger et al., 2002).

Date pulps hold easily digestible sugars (70%), mostly glucose, sucrose and fructose; dietary fibers and enclose less proteins and fats (Al Farsi & Lee, 2008). They also enclose vitamins like riboflavin, biotin, thiamine, ascorbic and folic acid that are essential for the body. The pulps of the fruit are rich in calcium, iron, copper, cobalt, magnesium, fluorine, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, copper, sodium, boron, sulfur, zinc and selenium (Al Farsi & Lee, 2008; Ali Mohamed & Khamis, 2004; Elias, 2008). The fleshy tissues of dates contain 0.2-0.5% oil, while the seed contains 7.7-9.7% oil (Walid Al-Shahib & Richard, 2003).

The date fruit pulp is wealthy in phytochemicals like sterols, phenolics, carotenoids, procyanidins, anthocyanins and flavonoids. The concentrations and ratio of these constituents depend on the stage of fruit picking, type of the fruit, location and soil conditions. These phytochemicals also add to the nutritional and organoleptic properties of the fruits (Abdelhak et al., 2005; Abdul & Allaith, 2008). In vitro studies have exposed that the aqueous extract of date fruit is a powerful scavenger of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide and to restrain protein oxidation and iron-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat brain homogenate in a concentration dependent manner (Vayalil, 2002). Afterward, other investigators have confirmed these explanations with different varieties of date (Abdul & Allaith, 2008; Al Farsi et al., 2005). The existence of a variety of phenolic compounds particularly the coumaric acid and ferulic acid derivatives may have been accountable for the observed free radical scavenging effects.

Dates are especially delicious as a fresh fruit. Beside direct consumption of the whole dates the fruits are traditionally used to prepare a wide range of different products such as date juice concentrates (spread, syrup and liquid sugar), fermented date products (wine, alcohol, vinegar, organic acids) and date pastes for different uses (e.g. bakery and confectionary). Also the by-products arising from date processing can be used for different purposes (Augstburger et al., 2002). When used in baking they provide superb taste to the final product. Dates are also used as a component in food preparations like sweets, snacks, confectionery, baking products, institutional feeding and health foods (Rani et al., 2007).

1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

There is a more growing trend in searching for antioxidants of natural origin. Fresh fruits are an excellent source of natural antioxidants and some of them even outperform the synthetic antioxidants, and are safer also from the health point of view. Date fruit is rich in antioxidants compounds which can be exploited but there is lack of research in the determination of antioxidants from date fruit and its subsequent use as a natural source of antioxidants. So it is of great importance to study the antioxidant activity of local date’s varieties and their application in food model to explore it as a natural source of antioxidants. Therefore the present research project was undertaken with the key objectives to determine the total phenolics and antioxidant activity by DPPH and β- carotene of non-volatile extracts of different date varieties and to utilize the antioxidants in food model system. It is to this regards that researcher desire to carry out a phytochemical screening on date palm.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

The main aim of the research work is to carry out a phytochemical screening on date palm. Other specific objectives of the study are:

  1. to examine the snacks made from date palm
  2. to determine the factors affecting date palm
  3. to determine the attributes of the snacks manufactured from date palm
  4. to investigate the inhibitory activities of date palm against some selected organisms

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The study came up with research questions so as to ascertain the above stated objectives of the study. The research questions for the study are:

  1. What is phytochemicals presence in the snacks made from date palm?
  2. What are the factors affecting date palm?
  3. What are the attributes of the snacks manufactured from date palm?
  4. What are the inhibitory activities of date palm against some selected organisms?

1.5 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Hypothesis 1

H0: the manufactured cookies do not have good quality attributes 

H1: the manufactured cookies have good quality attributes

Hypothesis 2

H0: the composition of raw materials in the cookies is bad

H1: the composition of raw materials in the cookies is good

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The study on phytochemical screening on date palm will be of immense benefit to most of the manufacturing industries, the consumers, the whole seller on the quality attributes of the snacks manufactured date palm as it will discuss the importance of the presence of each ingredients to human health, the study will also benefit other researchers that wishes to carry out similar research on the above stated topic.

1.7 SCOPE OF STUDY

The study on phytochemical screening on date palm will cover the areas of sensory evaluation such as colour, taste, texture, mouth feels etc and also a proximate analysis will be carried out in areas of presence of moist, fat, carbohydrate, protein etc.


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Paper Information

Format:ms word
Chapter:1-5
Pages:67
Attribute: Data Analysis,abstract, table of content, references
Price:₦3,000
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