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ECONOMICS OF OIL PALM SEEDLING PRODUCTION IN EDO SOUTH SENATORIAL DISTRICT, EDO STATE

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 Format: MS WORD ::   Chapters: 1-5 ::   Pages: 53 ::   Attributes: Questionnaire, Data Analysis ::   4,096 people found this useful

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ABSTRACT

The study determined the economics of oil palm seedlings production in Edo South Senatorial district, Edo State.  The specific objective was to examine the socio-economic characteristics of the oil palm seedlings producers, identify the methods adopted in raising oil palm seedlings in the study area, to estimate this cost and returns in oil palms production and access it’s profitability and viability, identify the factors affecting the level of income generated by producers and the likely problems of oil palm seedlings production.  The study covered ninety (90) randomly selected oil palm producers from nine villages in the study area.  The results showed that the production of oil palm seedling had a high returns.  The cost of selling price per seedling was N272.378, gross margin had N120.621 and Net profit had N75.932.  The following was found to be major constraint, inadequate finance, time consumption, irregular supply of fresh fruit bunches, and high transportation cost.  Recommendations were made based on the identified problems facing the oil palm seedling producers and it includes provision of planting material as at when due, encouraging farmers to pull their resources together, for farming themselves into cooperative societies.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page                                                                                                      i

Certification                                                                                                            ii

Dedication                                                                                                   iii

Acknowledgements                                                                                   iv

Abstract                                                                                                        vi

Table of Contents                                                                                       vii

List of Tables                                                                                               x

 

CHAPTER ONE

  1. Introduction                                                                                    1

1.1       Background of Study                                                                     1

1.2       Statement of Problem                                                                   4

1.3       Objective of the Study                                                                   5

CHAPTER TWO

  1. Literature Review                                                                          6

2.1       Botany                                                                                               6

2.2       Social and Environmental Impact of palm oil

            Seedling in Study area                                                                  9         

 

 

  1. Method adopted in raising the Oil Palm seedlings

Production                                                                                       10

 

  1. Oil Palm Production in Nigeria and the World                     16       

 

 

CHAPTER THREE

 

  1. Methodology                                                                                   19       

 

3.1       Area of Study                                                                                  19       

 

3.2       Sample Size and Sampling Technique                         20       

 

  1. Data Collection                                                                               21       
  2. Data Analysis                                                                                  21       

 

  1. Limitation of Study                                                                       23

 

CHAPTER FOUR

 

Results and Discussions                                                                           24       

 

CHAPTER FIVE

 

5.0       Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations                      41

 

5.1       Summary                                                                                          41       

 

  1. Conclusion                                                                                       42       

 

  1. Recommendations                                                                         42       

 

References                                                                                                    43       

 

Appendix                                                                                                     46

 

LIST OF TABLES

 

Table 1:          Oil palm production in the world                                              16

Table 2:          Oil palm industries in Nigeria                                                    18

Table 3:          Selected Areas for the study                                                        20

Table 4:          Distribution of Respondents by sex                                           24

Table 5:          Distribution of Respondents by age                                          25

Table 6:          Marital Status of Oil palm producers                                       26

Table 7:          Family size of Respondents                                                         26

Table 8:          Educational level of Oil Palm Seedlings producers  27

Table 9:          Major occupation of Respondents                                             28

Table 10:       Oil palm seedlings production experience                              29

Table 11:       Number of Workers employed                                                   30

Table 12:       Source of Finance to oil palm seedling producers                 31

Table 13:       Source of Oil palm seeding production                                    31

Table 14:       Source of labour employed by oil palm seedling

Producers                                                                                         32

Table 15:       Source of Land used by oil palm seedling producers            33

Table 16:       Production method adopted by oil palm seedlings

Producers                                                                                         33

Table 17:       Variety of Oil palm seedlings raised                                         34

Table 18:       Production length of Oil palm Seedlings to get                      35

Table 19:       Number of weeding done before maturity of oil palm seedlings.                                                                                     36

 

Table 20:       Farm size of oil palm seedlings producers                              36

Table 21:       Cost and Returns to oil palm seedlings production

per hectare                                                                                       37

Table 22:       Production constraint by Oil palm seedlings producers      38

Table 23:       Linear Regression                                                                           39

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INRODUCTION

 

  1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The African Oil Palm, Elaeis guineensi jacq (Jacquin, 1963), is placed in the Arecaceae family which contains about 225 genera with over 2600 species along with coconut and date palms cultivars.  There are 3 naturally occurring forms of the oil palm fruit, termed dura, tenera and pisifera.  The selection of dura female and pisifera male parents is carried out to obtain tenera offspring that produce large oil yield (Breure et al, 1986, Breure, 2003).

The African oil palm is native to tropical Africa, from Sierra Leone in the West through the Democratic Republic of Congo in the East, it was domesticated in its native range, probably in Nigeria, and moved throughout tropical Africa by humans who practiced shifting agriculture at least 5,000 years ago (Hartley, 1988).  European explorers discovered the palm in the late 1400’s, and distributed it throughout the world during the slave trade period (Corner, 1966).  In the early 1800’s, the slave trade ended but British began trading with West Africans in Ivory, lumber and palm oil.

The oil palm was introduced to the Americans hundred years ago, where it became naturalized and associated with slave plantations, but did not become an industry of its own until the 1960s (Lereka, 1998).  The first plantations were established on Sumatra in 1911, and in 1917 in Malaysia (Raymond, 1961).  Oil plantations were established in tropical America and West Africa about this time, and in 2003, palm oil production equaled that of soybean, which had been the number one oil crop for many years.

Elaeis guineeasis is characterized by its vertical trunk and feathery nature of its leaves every year 20 – 25 new leaves called “frond” develop in continuous whorle at the apex of the trunk (Devendra, 1984).  The fruit bunches develop between the trunk and the base on the new fronds and the plant can reach 60 – 80ft in height in nature, but is rarely more than 20 or 30ft in cultivation.  Although new plantation starts to bear fruit at 3 years, generally, the first commercial crop require between five and six years and continuous to produce for 25 – 30 years, or until the palm grow too high to be harvested.  Once a plantation reaches full production, a new inflorescence is produced every 15 days.  It weights between 15 and 20kg and can conking up to 1500 individual palm fruit of between 8 and 10 grams each (Chavaliar, 1937).  The individual fruits consist of the following four parts, a pericarp, a thin outer skin which upon ripening changes from brown to red or orange, a mesocarp, a large of fibrous material which surrounds the nut, an endocarp or hard inner shell (nut) to protect the seed or kernel and the seed (kernel) (Aighologa, 1995).  The female inflorescence contains 200 – 300 fruits, and fruit set is 50 – 70% fruit riped about 5 – 6 months after pollination (Ergo, 1977).

Vegetable and edible oil producer of Nigeria (VEOPAN) claims that, it provided job opportunities for not less than 1.8 million farmer family involved in this production of oil seeds and related crops.  Nigeria with a National 1.3 million tones of palm oil and a population.  Of over 140 million that means each family produces less than 700kg per year, i.e. an average of less than 2kg/day (Eshalomi, 2008).

Last year, the vegetable oil sub-sector of Manufacturers Association of Nigeria reported that the market has been very unstable because of high cost of input, excessive smuggling of vegetable oil and faking.  Recently, the group lamented the shortage of palm oil plantation production which is the major raw material for vegetable oil production because it condemned the Federal Government of Nigeria for signing a contract to supply palm oil to Ghana, whose local demand has not been met (Eshlomi, 2008).

In Edo State, effort has been made to encourage the establishment of oil palm plantation.  These has yielded some positive result such as establishment of multinational oil palm plantation companies, whose production has follow Presco Industry Limited 22,000 tonnes/year and an indigenous oil palm farm Nosakeri Farm (Vanguard, 2007).

  1. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The production of oil palm seedling is currently the only source of planting materials for oil palm production in Edo State senatorial district.  The entire seedling produced in the world is of the tenera type obtained from fertilizing dura tree with pollen form pisifera tree (Griseb, 2007).

The oil palm seedling production is handled directly by organizations such as the Ministry of Agriculture and NIFOR (Wikipedia, 2008).

However, it is observe that a number of business oriented persons are not investing in oil palm seedlings production.  What would be responsible for this?

The equation therefore is whether investment in oil palm seedling production is not profitable or there are some other problems that are preventing investment in oil palm seedling production.

It is necessary to carry out an economic analysis to determine the profitability and viability of oil palm seedling production in Edo South Senatorial district.

1.3       OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

            The broad objective of the study is the economic analysis of oil palm seedlings production in Edo South senatorial district.

            The specific objectives are:

  1. To examine the soicio-economic characteristics of the producers of oil palm seedlings in the study area.
  2. To identify the methods adopted in raising the oil palm seedlings in the study area.
  3. To estimate the cost and returns in oil palm seedlings production and access its profitability and viability.
  4. To identify the factors affecting the level of income generated in the production of oil palm seedlings in the study area.
  5. To identify constraints militating/facing against oil palm seedlings production.

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Paper Information

Format:MS WORD
Chapter:1-5
Pages:53
Attribute:Questionnaire, Data Analysis
Price:₦3,000
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