ABSTRACT

The main of objective of the research work the effect of billboard advertising on consumers’ patronage of Coca-Cola product is to examine the relationship between billboard advertising and consumer patronage, some of the objectives of the research work is to examine the effect of billboard advertising on consumer patronage of Coca-Cola products in Uyometropolis. The study made use of primary data with a sample size of 60; the spearman correlation method was used for the purpose of the analysis. The research concluded that relationship between billboard advertising and consumer patronage.The study then recommended that Advertisers should patronize billboard advertising because it is powerful and intrude on the passer-by’s consciousness. Billboard tends to function as reminder media.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

        1.1   Background of study

        1.2   Statement of problems

        1.3   Objectives of Research

        1.4   Scope and limitations

        1.5   Research questions

        1.6   Significance of study

1. Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO

2.1   Introduction

2.2   Review of Related Literature

2.2.1 Billboard Messages

2.2.2 Uses of the Billboard Signs

2.2.3 The Major Vehicles of the Outdoor Advertising Medium in Nigeria

2.2.4 Development of the Outdoor Medium in Nigeria    

2.2.5 Outdoor Advertising and the Law

2.2.6 The Psychology of Advertising

2.3 Theoretical Framework

2.4 Summary of Literature Review

CHAPTER THREE

        3.1   Research Design

        3.2   Types and sources of Data

        3.3   Population

        3.4 Samples and Sampling Technique

        3.5   Research Instrument

        3.6   Reliability and Validity of Instrument

        3.7   Method of Data Collection

        3.8    Method of Data Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

        Data Presentation and Analysis

        4.1   Introduction

        4.2   Data Analysis

1. Test of Hypothesis

CHAPTER FIVE

        5.1   Findings

        5.2   Recommendations

        5.3   Conclusions

        5.4   Limitations of the study

        5.5   References

1. Appendix

BY

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Billboards have been used as an advertising medium for more than a century, and are still used today. Ever since Jared Bell presented large circus posters to the public in the mid-1800s, billboard advertising remains as a top medium for brand outreach (History ofOOH, 2015). According to the Outdoor Advertising Association of America, Inc.(2015), “billboards are the largest and among the most impactful standard-sizeout of home advertisement media format.”

Lookingat how advertising has progressed, roadside advertising has remained relevant sinceland transportation’s existence. Companies like Coco-Colaand Palmolivestarted using roadside publicity nationwide in 1900 after the use ofbillboards became widely recognized (History of OOH, 2015). Over thecourse of time, billboards remainas a top medium in the advertising world because of their power compared to other popular marketing practices, their complex strategies considered prior to creation, and their and successful design and execution elements.

Unlike television and radio advertisments, billboards cannot be turned off or skipped. Iveson (2011) pointed out how, “It has become the onlymass medium capable of reaching consumers as they go about their everyday lives”. Consumersspend a great amount of time each week in the car, and billboards are there to catch theirattention whether theyare on the freeway or alongside the main road. Williams (2009) noted in his study how billboards are ultimately the last method of communication consumers’ fathom before taking action. It is likely forconsumerstosee the same billboard more than once a day in various locations.

Brands with national campaigns often have multiple billboards in the same city because it iswithin their target market. In comparison with other print advertisements like newspapers and magazines, billboards can be geographically targeted to a precise location. For example, if Coca-Cola companyis advertising a refreshing brand, the billboard may display the picture of the chilled product on the highway and hawkers/retailers can easily sell these products on the highway for drivers and passengers.

To have the ultimate turnover rate, it is best to couple billboard advertising with other form(s) of media.Using out of home billboards in combination with other media improves the decay rate, or time it takes for a person to forget a campaign’s advertising message,”(Iveson, 2011).Imagine a consumer watchedTV while eating breakfast the other morning and a Coca-Cola commercial cameon featuring their new Five Alive Orange. When they drove to work that daya billboard for the same Five Alive Orange displayed alongthe freeway. This method allowedfor the consumerto remember the last time they saw the advertisement, and associate it with the most recent time. If the Five Alive Orange is associated well with the consumer, they weremore likely to go to a store in the near future because they saw the advertisement in two different visual manners.

1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Sincethe nineteenth century, billboards have continued to compete as a top advertising channel. With such a lifespan,thereissomethingconvincingabout a large,physicaldisplay that attracts a consumer’s eye for a few seconds before they returnto their previous train of thought. According to the Outdoor Advertising Association of America(2015), “Billboards stretch the boundaries of creativity to heighten advertisement awarenessand grab consumer’s attention. Seventy-one percent of travelers often look at the messages on roadside billboards and more than one-third report looking at an outdoor advertisement each ormost of the time they pass one,”(Williams, 2009.)

These results have only increased since then. There are many elements to considerwhen creating a successful billboard such as the designfeatures, geographical placement,target audience,and the goal of the campaign.The assemblyof these elements to form an effective billboard for traveling consumers isformidable,but nonetheless many brands do so in asuccessful, creative way. However, the researcher is examining the effect of billboard advertising on consumer patronage of coca-cola products in Uyo metropolis.

1.3   OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The following are the objectives of this study:

1. To examine the effect of billboard advertising on consumer patronage of coca-cola products in Uyo metropolis.
2. To examine the features that will enhance consumer patronage in billboard advertising.
3. To examine the relationship between billboard advertising and consumer patronage.

1.4   RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. What is the effect of billboard advertising on consumer patronage of coca-cola products in Uyo metropolis?
2. What are the features that will enhance consumer patronage in billboard advertising?
3. What is the relationship between billboard advertising and consumer patronage?

1.5   RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

HO: There is no significant relationship between billboard advertising and consumer patronage.

HA: There is significant relationship between billboard advertising and consumer patronage.

1.6   SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The following are the significance of this study:

1. The results from this study will educate business managers on the effect of billboard advertising on consumer patronage. It will also educate on the features of billboard that will enhance consumer patronage.
2. This research will be a contribution to the body of literature in the area of the effect of personality trait on student’s academic performance, thereby constituting the empirical literature for future research in the subject area.

1.7   SCOPE/LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This study will cover the relationship between billboard advertising and consumer patronage.

LIMITATION OF STUDY

Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work